Friday 30 September 2011

Cervical Spondylosis

Cervical Spondylosis

Cervical Spondylosis

A homeopathic combination pack with two single remedies Kalmia Latifolia and Magnesia Phosphorica for relief of neck pain due to cervical spondylosis.

Kalmia Latifolia: Kalmia Latifolia is a chief remedy for relief of neck pain due to degenerative changes in the vertebrae of the neck. Pains are neuralgis with tingling, numbness, trembling or paralytic weakness. Pains are sticking, darting, pressing and shooting in downward direction. Pains are worse on right side.

Magnesia Phosphorica: Magnesia Phosphorica is a chief remedy for neuralgic pains. Pains are sharp, cutting and almost unendurable. The pain is felt along the course of the nerve like a lightning flash and it rapidly changes place. Intermittent paroxyms driving the patient frenzy. Neuralgia worse from motion and draught of cold air and is relieved by heat, warmth and pressure.

Directions:  Adults: Take 4-5 pellets or tablets orally by mouth and allow them to dissolve on tongue. Repeat at least 3 times a day, about 30 minutes before or after food. Similarly take the second remedy after a gap of 30 minutes, make sure to remember the sequence. Children: Half of the adult dose.

Ingredients: Cervical Spondylosis Combo is packed with two single homeopathic remedies:

1. KALMIA LATIFOLIA 30
2. MAGNESIA PHOSPHORICA 6X

Lactation in nursing women

Lactation in nursing women

Lactation in nursing women
Lecithin: Lecithin is a chief remedy for enhancing milk production in lactating woman. It acts a galactogog, that is it increases the quantity of milk secretion in nursing women and makes it more nourishing. It is useful in tired, weak people having shortness of breath, loss of flesh and general weakness. It is also useful in anaemia, convalascence, neurasthenia and insomnia.

Calcarea Phosphorica: Calcarea phosphorica is useful remedy during lactation. The milk tastes salty and the child refuses breast. There is also weakness with aching and pressing in uterine region during lactation. It helps in nourishing bones and glands.
1. LECITHIN 30
2. CALCAREA PHOSPHORICA 6X

Dengue Fever

Dengue Fever

Eupatorium Perfoliatum: Eupatorium Perfoliatum is useful in flu, hay fever, intermittent fever, chikunguiniya and dengue fever. It is indicated in various types of intermittent fever. Influenza with great soreness of muscles and great thirst; extreme aching in arms, wrists, and bones of extremities. Insatiable thirst before and during chill and fever.

Gelsemium Sempervirens: Gelsemium Sempervirens is especially suitable for any and every type of fever and flu. It helps in intermittent, remittent or continuous fever. The patient is thirstless and nervous before the chill. Chill especially along the spine, running up and down the back in rapid wave like succession from sacrum to occiput. Pulse is slow, soft and compressible. There is long and exhausting heat with muscular soreness. Gelsemium Sempervirens is also prophylactic against influenza and also cures its complications like paresis and paralysis occuring after flu. 

1. EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM
30
2. GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS 30
Rhus Tox 30
Rhus Tox is a chief remedy for backache (lumbago), rheumatism, muscular pains etc. Rhus tox is useful in backache caused due to too much summer bathing in river or lake, lying on damp ground or straining. Pain between the shoulders and small of the back. There is pain with stiffness and pain on swallowing. Backache is worse by sitting and lying and is better by motion, lying on hard surface. Rhus Tox is also useful in injuries to back, joints and ankles. Rhus tox is also indicated in rheumatism caused due to working in damp places and handling clay. Rheumatism or arthritis of any joint especially on the right side of the body. Pain is as if sprained, as if muscle or tendon were torn out from its attachment. Pain as if the bones were scrapped with a knife and the effected parts are sore to touch. There is great restlessness, anxiety and apprehension due to pain. Patient cannot stay in bed at one place. Always wants to be moved. Pain is worse in wet rainy season, on first movement and getting up in the morning. Pain is better by walking or continued motion. Rhus Tox is also useful in sciatica, sprains, strains and neuralgia.

Rhus Tox also has marked action on urticaria, allergies and dermatitis. There are vesicular eruptions on the body. Vesicles are yellow, appear from left to right side, with much swelling, inflammation and burning. Eruptions are itching, burning and stinging. Even the skin of external genitals inflammed and oedematous. Urticaria is worse at night, cold wet rainy weather and is better by warm application. Rhus Tox is also useful in fever blisters appearing around mouth and chin.

Rhus tox also helps in headache and fevers. During headache and fevers there is extreme restlessness with desire for continuous change of position. Headache is caused due to beer or too much summer bathing. Frontal headache with feeling as if brain is torn. Headache worse by sitting or lying in cold. Rhus tox also helps in fevers and especially dengue fever. There is triangular red tip of tongue, dry and cracked, sore with imprint of teeth. There is low muttering type of delirium. Patient talks about rowing, swimming and daily occupation. 
Eupatorium Perf 30
 Eupatorium Perf is a chief remedy for bone aches. There is bony pains of all types in this remedy. Bruised feeling as if broken all over the body. Pains affects back, head, chest, limbs, especially wrists which feel as if dislocated. Eupatorium Perf is also indicated in gout and rheumatism. It is especially useful in chronic cases of gout and rheumatism after malarial fever. Gouty affection with edema of lower limbs. There is aching pain in back, in bones of extremities, aching of wrists and arms with soreness of muscles. Inflamed nodes in joints. Headache associated with gouty pains. It is useful for people residing in marshy places suffering from bony pains. It is helps in fractures.

Eupatorium Perf is also useful in flu, hay fever, intermittent fever, chikunguiniya and dengue fever. It is indicated in various types of intermittent fever. The time of paroxymus of fever is between 7 and 9 am. Postponing type of fever that is one day at 7 am and the next day at 9 am and then at 11 am and so on. Naussea and vomiting before fever. There is great thirst for several hours before fever. Severe chill during the attack of fever. Shivering runs down the back and spreads from back to the extremities. During chill the patient wants to cover up the whole body. Influenza with great soreness of muscles and great thirst; extreme aching in arms, wrists, and bones of extremities. Insatiable thirst before and during chill and fever.

Eupatorium Perf also helps in gallbladder and liver problems like jaundice. Tongue is coated yellow. Taste is bitter and there is sometimes vomiting of bile; one can vomit a few liters at a time.
 

Wednesday 28 September 2011

Quit-Smoking Tips

 Quit-Smoking Tips

Can You Quit?

Experts agree that giving up cigarettes is very difficult. But if you're telling yourself it's impossible, think again. While there are 45 million smokers in the U.S., there are at least 48 million former smokers. If 48 million people could quit, it is doable. Just keep in mind that most people have to try more than once, and only 4%-7% succeed without help. Ask your doctor which smoking-cessation strategies might be right for you.

THE SMOKING HABIT MAY BE MANAGED BY USING HOMEO MEDICINES AS GIVEN BELOW;
1-TABACUM 200 DAILY DOSE    OR

2-CALADIUM 200 DAILY DOSE   OR
ALL THESE HOMEO MEDICINES ARE USED ACCORDING TO THE INDIVIDUAL SYMPTIOMS SO IT IS ADVISED TO CONSULT YOUR  NESREST HOME DOCTOR OR WRITE US ;
HDAA09@YAHOO.COM.


Living With Osteoporosis

Living With Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis doesn't have to interfere with your life. In fact, being inactive or immobile will worsen your bone health. So get out and walk, and enjoy leisure activities. Ask for help carrying heavy grocery bags or other items, and use railings or a cane or walker if you need stability.

Bone Health (low calcium intake)

 Bone Health

Many people don't find out about their bone loss until they are in their 60s or older. But you can still benefit from boosting a low calcium intake to recommended levels and exercising regularly. Exercises such as tai chi improve balance, which can help prevent falls.

Preventing Falls: The Basics

Build Bones in Your Youth

Can Osteoporosis Be Reversed?

Can Osteoporosis Be Reversed?

Most medications for osteoporosis reduce bone loss or slightly increase bone density. Forteo helps build new bone, but requires daily injections and can only be used for two years because of potential side effects. But there's a glimmer of hope for a cure for osteoporosis. New research in animals indicates that an experimental drug that blocks serotonin from being synthesized in the gut could actually build new bone and reverse bone loss.
Homeopathic ways to reserve OSTEOPOROSIS ;
BONES, DISEASES OF.

#Aurum. [Aur]
Caries of cranial bones and bones of the palate are especially met  by
this  remedy .It is an antidote to mercury, and has voilent  pains  at
night.
There  is  an offensive odor and discharge of small  pieces  of  bone.
Pains  in  the bones of the extremities. Given timely it  may  prevent
caries, necrosis and exostosis.
**Platinum muriaticum.  Caries especially of the tarsus.
**Mezereum.   Periostitis before the stage of suppuration, worse  from
touch  nodes, necrosis nocturnal bone pains. Exostosis of  the  tarsal
bones.

#Asafoetida. [Asaf]
Caries of bones with offensive discharges, intolerable soreness around
the  ulcers;  caries  of tibia with great soreness, so  much  so  that
dressings  are intolerant. Pains are dull, drawing and  boring,  worse
from  rest.  **Strontiana  carbonica. Caries of  long  bones  with  an
exhausting diarrhoea.
Ostitis discharging bone.
**Stillingia. Syphilis of the long bones, periostitis and otitis worse
at  night and in damp weather. It is of striking benifit in  secondary
syphilitic nodes.

#Calcarea fluorica. [Calc.f]
Osseous tumors, enlargement of bones, with or without caries.  **Hecla
lava.  Osteomata of spongy nature are greatly improved and cured  even
by  this  remedy. Swelling of bones of jaw after extraction  of  teeth
with violent pains. Caries of maxillary bones.

#Mercurius. [Merc]
Ostitis, violent bone pains, swelling.
**Nitric  acid.  Mercurial  ostitis,  drawing,  pressive  pains   with
sensitiveness.  **Phosphorus.  Non-syphilitic caries of  vertebra  and
caries  of  lower jaw. in hip disease it is  useful  after  **Silicea,
burning in the spine. The proving of **Phosphorus gives the  essential
features  of  rickets.  It is especially of use  in  cases  marked  by
laryngeal symptoms. This is an important clinical observation and  may
be accepted as a guiding indication.

#Silicea. [Sil]
Curvature  of bones, rickets; here it is often the  clearly  indicated
remedy;  there is present offensive sweat. Hip-joint  disease.  Caries
after  inflammation,  worse  from cold. Potts disease. It  is  a  slow
acting remedy. **Calcarea carbonica. Baehr claims that this remedy  is
superior  to  any in caries of the vertebra. Curvature of  the  spine.
Rickets, sour sweat. **Phosphoric acid. Hip disease and caries of  the
spine.  Sensation  in  the bone as if scraped with a knife.  It  is  a
remedy which correponds to the extreme debility found in rickets,  and
is a valuable remedy in that affection.

#Flouric Acid. [Fl-Ac]
Dental fistula; caries of the bone, especially of the long bones, with
thin excoriating discharges relieved by cold applications.
Caries of temporal bones ans mastoid processes. The pains are  burning
and intermittent, and the discharge is thin and acrid.
Caries from syphilis or mercury. It follows **Silicea well.  **Silicea
is  worse  fom  cold,  **Flouric acid  better.  Dr.  Luther  Peck,  of
Plymouth,  Michigan,  relates a case of maxillary  necrosis  in  which
**Silicea  followed  by  Flouric acid  and  then  **Calcarea  flourica
completely cured. These thre remedies are excellent jaw remedies.

#Calcarea phosphorica. [Calc-p]
A  great  remedy  for  non-union  of  fractured  bones  when  due   to
***impaired  nutrition.  In  the lower  potencies  it  stimulates  the
formation of callus.
The  remedy  for  rickets, especially for  the  fat  rachitic  infant.
**Symphytum.  An excellent remedy for injuries of bone where there  is
an  irritability at the point of fracture, nervous in  origin.  **Ruta
graveolens oftentimes in fractures renders good service in causing
callus to form. Especially useful where non-union results, because  of
deficient  callus. **Sulphur. Rickets, defective  assimilation,  great
appetite, but poorly nourished.

Osteopenia: Borderline Bone Loss

Osteopenia: Borderline Bone Loss

If you have bone loss but not enough to be osteoporosis, you may have a condition called osteopenia. As with osteoporosis, there are no physical symptoms. Osteopenia can progress to osteoporosis, but with changes in diet and exercise, you can slow the bone loss. Your doctor will evaluate you to see if you need medication.

Exercise Caution

Exercise Caution

While yoga and Pilates can help with balance, too much twisting or forward-bending can increase the risk of spinal compression fractures in people who have osteoporosis. High-impact activities also can be risky for people with low bone density. Swimming and bicycling can be great exercise, but they are not weight-bearing and won't provide bone-health benefits.

Build Strong Bones With Weight

Build Strong Bones With Weight

Weight-bearing exercise can help you build bone and maintain it. That includes walking, jogging, tennis, and other activities where you move the full weight of your body. Using small weights in many different activities helps bones. Women who walk just a mile a day have four to seven more years of bone reserve, researchers have found.

Which Foods Have the Most Calcium?

Which Foods Have the Most Calcium?

Drinking a glass of vitamin D-fortified milk is one of the best ways to get your calcium. Other dairy products vary in their calcium content. Yogurt and cheese are better choices than ice cream or frozen yogurt. Fish, such as sardines and salmon, are good sources. Fortified foods, such as cereals and orange juice, can also provide a lot of calcium.

Supplements for Healthy Bones

Supplements for Healthy Bones

Most Americans get enough calcium, except girls ages 9-18. Two types of calcium supplements are commonly available: calcium carbonate and calcium citrate, which are equally beneficial. Splitting your dose -- taking half in the morning and half later in the day -- improves absorption. Check with a doctor about the upper limit for calcium. Too much can lead to kidney stones. Getting adequate vitamin D aids the absorption of calcium.

Which Foods Have the Most Calcium?

Which Foods Have the Most Calcium?

Drinking a glass of vitamin D-fortified milk is one of the best ways to get your calcium. Other dairy products vary in their calcium content. Yogurt and cheese are better choices than ice cream or frozen yogurt. Fish, such as sardines and salmon, are good sources. Fortified foods, such as cereals and orange juice, can also provide a lot of calcium.

Foods That Are Bad to the Bone

Foods That Are Bad to the Bone

Some foods can sap your body's calcium. Minimize salty foods such as canned soups and processed meats. Most Americans get much more sodium than they need. Caffeine can decrease your body's absorption of calcium, but the effect is minimal unless you drink more than three cups of coffee a day. Heavy alcohol use can also lead to bone loss.

Bone-Building Foods

Bone-Building Foods

Eating calcium-rich foods can help protect your bones no matter what your age. You need the equivalent of about three and a half eight-ounce glasses of milk a day. Fish such as salmon, tuna, and herring also contain vitamin D, which helps us absorb calcium, and leafy green vegetables also provide magnesium, which helps maintain good bone quality. Some foods and drinks are also fortified with calcium and vitamin D.

Treatment: A Biologic Alternative

Treatment: A Biologic Alternative

Prolia is a lab-produced antibody that slows the breakdown of bone. Given as an injection twice a year, it is for postmenopausal women at high risk for fractures who can't tolerate other osteoporosis drugs or who haven't been helped by other drugs. Side effects include back pain, muscle pain, bone pain, a higher risk of infections, and lower calcium levels.

Treatment: Estrogen Agents (About Osteoprosis )

Treatment: Estrogen Agents

Hormone replacement therapy, once used widely for menopause symptoms, is an option for osteoporosis, but it's used less than other medications because of concerns about the risk of cancer, blood clots, heart disease, and stroke. Evista is not a hormone but can provide similar bone-strengthening effects to estrogen without the cancer risks.  Risks include blood clots and increased hot flashes.

Testing: DXA Bone Density Scan(osteoprosis)

Testing: DXA Bone Density Scan
Your doctor may recommend a bone mineral density test if:
  • You’re over 50 and have broken a bone
  • You are a woman over 65, or a man over 70
  • You are in menopause or past menopause and have risk factors
  • You are a man age 50-69 with risk factors
DXA (dual X-ray absorptiometry) uses low-dose X-rays to measure bone density in the hip or spine. The test takes less than 15 minutes.

Tuesday 27 September 2011

Do Men Get Osteoporosis?


Do Men Get Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is much more common in women, but men are at risk, too. In fact, about 25% of men over 50 will have an osteoporosis-related fracture. Osteoporosis may be under-diagnosed in men because it is often considered a "woman’s disease" and men may not be tested.

Risk Factors You Can Control; osteoporosis.

Risk Factors You Can Control; osteoporosis.

Smoking, an inactive lifestyle, and a diet low in calcium and vitamin D place you at greater risk for osteoprosis.  Excess drinking is linked to bone loss and a risk of fractures. Corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat asthma and other conditions, increase your risk of bone loss. Eating disorders (anorexia nervosa or bulimia) can also take a toll on bone health.

Risk Factors You Can't Control Osteoprosis

Risk Factors You Can't Control Osteoprosis

Women who are thin and have a small frame are more likely to develop osteoporosis. Heredity plays a role, and so does ethnicity. It is more common among whites and Asians, though African-Americans and Hispanics may still be at risk. Some conditions, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and hormonal disorders are also linked to bone loss.

Does Everyone Get Osteoporosis?

Does Everyone Get Osteoporosis?

Bone loss is a natural part of aging, but not everyone will lose enough bone density to develop osteoporosis. However, the older you are, the greater your chance of having osteoporosis. Women's bones are generally thinner than men's and bone density has a rapid decline for a time after menopause, so it's not surprising that about 80% of Americans with osteoporosis are women.

What Causes Osteoporosis?

What Causes Osteoporosis?

Our bones are constantly being rebuilt throughout our lifetime. Bones are made up of collagen, a protein that provides the basic framework, and calcium phosphate, a mineral that hardens the bone. As we age, we lose more bone than we replace. The greatest change in a woman's bone density comes in the five to seven years after menopause.
The green, oblong shape in the illustration is an osteoclast, a cell that breaks down bone.

Osteoporosis and Fractures

Osteoporosis and Fractures

Osteoporosis is the underlying cause of 1.5 million fractures every year. Spinal compression fractures are the most common – tiny fractures that can cause the vertebrae to collapse and alter the shape of the spine. Hip fractures can cause lasting mobility problems and even increase the risk of death. Wrist, pelvic, and other fractures are also common in people with osteoporosis.

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

You might not even realize you have osteoporosis until you have a fracture or an obvious change in your posture. In fact, you could have significant bone loss without even knowing it. Back pain, caused by changes in the vertebrae, may be the first sign that something is wrong.

Osteoporosis

What Is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis means "porous bones." Our bones are strongest at about age 30, then begin to lose density. More than 10 million Americans have osteoporosis, which is significant bone loss that increases the risk of fracture. About half of women 50 and older will have an osteoporosis-related fracture in their lifetime.

4 Simple Steps to a Healthy Heart

4 Simple Steps to a Healthy Heart
 Having a healthy heart may be as easy as four simple steps: Don't smoke, lose weight, exercise regularly, and eat vegetables.

A new study shows people who followed these four healthy lifestyle habits reduced their risk of heart failure by 81% in women in 69% in men.
The study is published in Circulation: Heart Failure.
Researchers found that the more healthy-lifestyle habits a person followed, the lower their risk of heart failure was. But even practicing just one healthy lifestyle habit was enough to lower the risk of heart failure by up to 47% in women and 31% in men.
"Any steps you take to stay healthy can reduce your risk of heart failure."Hypothetically, about half of new heart failure cases occurring in this population could have been prevented if everyone engaged in at least three healthy lifestyle behaviors."
Heart failure is a progressive disease that occurs when the heart muscle becomes weakened and unable to pump blood efficiently enough to meet the body's needs. At age 40, a person's risk of developing heart failure in their lifetime is about one in five.
24 Foods That Can Save Your Heart
Healthy Habits, Healthy Heart
After taking into account other factors known to increase the risk of heart failure, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and a history of heart attack, the results showed four healthy lifestyle habits decreased the likelihood of developing heart failure.
The healthy lifestyle habits were:
Not smoking. Male smokers had an 86% higher risk of heart failure compared to those who had never smoked. Women smokers had a 109% higher risk.
Maintaining a healthy weight. Men who were obese were 75% more likely to develop heart failure, and women were 106% more likely. Being overweight increased the risk of heart failure by 15% in men and 21% in women.
Exercising. Men who regularly engaged in moderate physical activity, like walking, had a 21% lower risk of heart failure; women who did the same had a 13% lower risk. Higher levels of exercise and physical activity reduced this risk even more, by 33% in men and 36% in women.
Eating vegetables. Men and women who ate vegetables three to six times per week had a 26% and 27%, respectively, lower risk of heart failure than those who ate vegetables less than once per week.
Health care workers should discuss healthy lifestyle habits with their patients and stress that they can do more.

Saturday 24 September 2011

Erectile Dysfunction (ED)?

What Is Erectile Dysfunction (ED)?

Erectile dysfunction (ED) occurs when a man has consistent and repeated problems sustaining an erection. Without treatment, ED can make sexual intercourse difficult. According to the Massachusetts Male Aging Study on sexual dysfunction, the problem can first emerge in a man as early as 40. Based on the study, an estimated 18-30 million men are affected by ED.
ED vs. Poor Libido

There are several forms of male sexual dysfunction, including poor libido and problems with ejaculation. But ED refers specifically to problems achieving or maintaining an erection. Men with ED often have a healthy libido, yet the body fails to respond. In most cases, there is a physical basis for the problem.
Symptoms of ED

Symptoms of ED include:
Erections that are too soft for sexual intercourse.
Erections that last only briefly.
An inability to achieve erections.

 Men who cannot get or maintain an erection (75% of the time that they attempt sex ) are considered to have erectile dysfunction.
Who Gets ED?

Sexual dysfunction and ED become more common as men age. According to the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, about 40% of men experience some degree of ED at age 40 compared with 70% of men at age 70. And the percentage of complete ED increases from 5% to 15% as age increases from 40 to 70 years. But this does not mean growing older is the end of your sex life. ED can be treated at any age.
The Mechanics of ED

An erection occurs when blood fills two chambers known as the corpora cavernosa. This causes the penis to expand and stiffen, much like a balloon as it is filled with water. The process is triggered by impulses from the brain and genital nerves. Anything that blocks these impulses or restricts blood flow to the penis can result in ED.
Causes of ED: Chronic Disease

The link between chronic disease and ED is most striking for diabetes. Nearly one out of every two men with diabetes experiences ED. Yet evidence shows that good blood sugar control can minimize this risk. Other conditions that may cause ED include cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), kidney disease, and multiple sclerosis. These illnesses can impair blood flow or nerve impulses throughout the body.
Causes of ED: Lifestyle

Lifestyle choices that impair blood circulation can contribute to ED. Smoking, excessive drinking, and drug abuse may damage the blood vessels and reduce blood flow to the penis. Smoking makes men with atherosclerosis particularly vulnerable to ED. Smokers have almost twice the risks of ED compared with nonsmokers. Being overweight and getting too little exercise also contribute to ED.  Studies indicate that men who exercise regularly have a lower risk of ED.
Causes of ED: Surgery

Surgery, including treatments for prostate cancer, bladder cancer, or BPH can sometimes damage nerves and blood vessels near the penis. In some cases, the nerve damage is permanent, and the patient will require treatment to achieve an erection. In others, surgery causes temporary ED that improves on its own after 6 to 18 months.
Causes of ED: Medication

ED may be a side effect of medication, including certain blood pressure drugs, antidepressants, and tranquilizers. Men should talk with their doctor if they suspect a prescription or over-the-counter drug may be causing erectile problems.
Causes of ED: Psychological

ED usually has something physical behind it, particularly in older men. But psychological factors may be to blame in 10% to 20% of men with ED. Experts say stress, depression, poor self-esteem, and performance anxiety can short-circuit the process that leads to an erection. These factors can also make the problem worse in men whose ED stems from something physical.
ED and Bicycling

Research suggests avid cyclists suffer more ED than other athletes. The trouble lies in the shape of some bicycle seats that put pressure on the perineum. This area between the anus and scrotum contains arteries and nerves vital to sexual arousal. Cyclists who ride for many hours each week may benefit from seats designed to protect the perineum.
Diagnosing ED: Physical Exam

To diagnose ED, your doctor will ask you questions about your symptoms and medical history. The doctor will conduct a complete physical exam to uncover signs such as poor circulation or nerve trouble. And your physician will look for abnormalities of the genital area that could cause problems with erections.
Diagnosing ED: Lab Tests

Several lab tests can help diagnose male sexual problems. Measuring testosterone levels can determine whether there is a hormonal imbalance, which is often linked to decreased desire. Blood cell counts, cholesterol levels, and liver function tests can reveal medical conditions that may account for ED.
ED: A Sign of Heart Disease?

In some cases, ED can be a warning sign of more serious disease. A 2010 study suggests ED is a strong predictor of heart attack, stroke, and death from cardiovascular disease. The researchers say all men diagnosed with ED should be evaluated for cardiovascular disease. This does not mean every man with ED will develop heart disease, or that every man with heart disease has ED, but patients should be aware of the link.
Treating ED: Lifestyle Changes

Many men with ED are able to improve sexual function by making a few lifestyle changes. Giving up smoking, losing weight, and exercising more often can help by improving blood flow. If you suspect a medication could be contributing to ED, talk to your doctor about adjusting your dosage or switching to another option.
Treating ED: Oral Medications

You've probably heard of Viagra, but it's not the only pill for ED. This class of drugs also includes Cialis, Levitra, and Staxyn. All work by improving blood flow to the penis during arousal. They're generally taken an hour before sexual activity and should not be used more than once a day. Cialis can be taken up to 36 hours before sexual activity and also comes in a lower, daily dose. Staxyn dissolves in the mouth. All require an OK from your doctor first for safety.
Treating ED: Injections

While pills for ED are convenient, some men sustain stronger erections by injecting medication directly into the penis. Drugs approved for this purpose work by widening the blood vessels, causing the penis to become engorged with blood. Another option is inserting a medicated pellet into the urethra. The pellet can trigger an erection within 10 minutes.
Treating ED: Vacuum Devices (Pumps)

Vacuum devices for ED, also called pumps, offer an alternative to medication. The penis is placed inside a cylinder. A pump draws air out of the cylinder, creating a partial vacuum around the penis. This causes it to fill with blood, leading to an erection. An elastic band worn around the base of the penis maintains the erection during intercourse.
Treating ED: Surgery

If ED is caused by a blockage in an artery leading to the penis, surgery can often restore blood flow. Good candidates are typically younger men whose blockage stems from an injury to the crotch or pelvis. The procedure is not recommended for older men with widespread narrowing of the arteries.
Treating ED: Implants

In men with persistent ED, a penile implant can restore sexual function. An inflatable implant uses two cylinders that are surgically placed inside the penis. When an erection is desired, the man uses a pump to fill the cylinders with pressurized fluid. Another option is a malleable implant, which bolsters erections with surgically implanted rods.
Treating ED: Psychotherapy

Even when ED has a known physical cause, psychotherapy can be beneficial. A therapist can teach the man and his partner techniques to reduce performance anxiety and improve intimacy. Therapy can also help couples adjust to the use of vacuum devices and implants.
Treating ED: Alternative Therapies

Talk with your doctor before trying supplements for ED. They can contain 10 or more ingredients and may complicate other health conditions. Asian ginseng and ginkgo biloba (seen here) are popular, but there isn't a lot of good research on their effectiveness. Some men find that taking a DHEA supplement improves their ability to have an erection. Unfortunately, the long-term safety of DHEA supplements is unknown. Most doctors do not recommend using it.
Treating ED: Buyer Beware

A quick web search will reveal dozens of "dietary supplements" that claim to treat ED. But the FDA warns that many of these are not what they seem. An investigation discovered the pills often contain prescription drugs not listed on the label, including the active ingredient in Viagra. This puts the man at risk for dangerous drug interactions.
ED: Reducing Your Risk

Some tips to reduce your risk of ED include:
Exercise and maintain a healthy weight.
Stop smoking.
Avoid alcohol and substance abuse.
Keep your diabetes under contro
Discussing ED With Your Partner

It's natural to feel angry or embarrassed when dealing with ED. But don't forget that your partner is also affected. Talking openly about ED will help your partner understand the diagnosis and treatment options. This will reassure your partner that you haven't lost interest.

Friday 23 September 2011

Polydipsia and hyponatremia in patients with mental illness


Psychiatric patients, particularly those with schizophrenia, often have abnormalities in water balance. As an example, one study of 239 hospitalized patients found that 6.6 percent had a history compatible with compulsive water drinking and that one-half of these had intermittent symptoms of hyponatremia due to transient water retention. However, a higher percentage of patients may have milder defects in water homeostasis.
ABNORMALITIES IN WATER BALANCE
Evaluation of psychotic patients has revealed that a variety of defects in water handling can occur, affecting thirst, the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and the renal response to ADH. Depending upon which abnormality is present, the patient may present with polydipsia and polyuria and/or hyponatremia.
Primary polydipsia — Many chronically psychotic patients have a moderate to marked increase in water intake. This may be manifested clinically by exaggerated weight gain during the day (2.2 percent versus 0.6 percent in normal controls in one study) , that is associated with a transient reduction in the plasma sodium concentration. (Accurate 24-hour urine collections are often difficult to obtain in psychotic patients; as a result, the mean daytime weight gain is used as an index of increased intake.)
It is presumed that a central defect in thirst regulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of polydipsia . In some cases, for example, the osmotic threshold for thirst is reduced below the threshold for the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). These patients will continue to drink until the plasma tonicity is less than the threshold level. (The plasma tonicity refers to that portion of the total plasma osmolality that generates an osmotic pressure; in most cases, tonicity is determined by the concentration of the nonurea solutes.) This may be difficult to achieve, however, since ADH secretion will be suppressed by the fall in plasma tonicity, resulting in rapid excretion of the excess water and continued stimulation of thirst.
The osmotic regulation of thirst is different from that in normal subjects in whom the thirst threshold is a roughly equal to or a few mosmol/kg higher than the threshold for ADH.

Diagnosis of polyuria and diabetes insipidus

Polyuria has generally been defined as a urine output exceeding 3 L/day in adults and 2 L/m2 in children. It must be differentiated from the more common complaints of frequency or nocturia, which are not associated with an increase in the total urine output.
The following is an overview of the diagnosis of polyuria and diabetes insipidus (DI). The causes and treatment of polyuria due to central or nephrogenic DI are presented separately. (See "Clinical manifestations and causes of central diabetes insipidus" and "Clinical manifestations and causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus" and "Treatment of central diabetes insipidus" and "Treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus".)
CAUSES
In the absence of a glucose-induced osmotic diuresis in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, there are three major causes of polyuria in the outpatient setting, each of which is due to a defect in water balance leading to the excretion of large volumes of dilute urine (urine osmolality usually below 250 mosmol/kg): primary polydipsia, which is primarily seen in adults and adolescents; central DI; and nephrogenic DI.
Primary polydipsia — Primary polydipsia (also called psychogenic polydipsia) is characterized by a primary increase in water intake. This disorder is most often seen in anxious, middle-aged women and in patients with psychiatric illnesses, including those taking a phenothiazine which can lead to the sensation of a dry mouth. Primary polydipsia can also be induced by hypothalamic lesions that directly affect the thirst center, as may occur with an infiltrative disease such as sarcoidosis. (See "Polydipsia and hyponatremia in patients with mental illness" and "Causes of hyponatremia".)
Central DI — Central DI (also called neurohypophyseal or neurogenic DI) is associated with deficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This condition is most often idiopathic (possibly due to autoimmune injury to the ADH-producing cells), or can be induced by trauma, pituitary surgery, or hypoxic or ischemic encephalopathy. Rare familial cases have been described. (See "Clinical manifestations and causes of central diabetes insipidus".)

Hyponatremia

Hyponatremia 

Hyponatremia is a metabolic condition in which there is not enough sodium (salt) in the body fluids outside the cells. 

Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Sodium is found mostly in the body fluids outside the cells. It is very important for maintaining blood pressure. Sodium is also needed for nerves and muscles to work properly.
When the amount of sodium in fluids outside cells drops, water moves into the cells to balance the levels. This causes the cells to swell with too much water. Although most cells can handle this swelling, brain cells cannot, because the skull bones confine them. Brain swelling causes most of the symptoms of hyponatremia.
In hyponatremia, the imbalance of water to salt is caused by one of three conditions:
  • Euvolemic hyponatremia -- total body water increases, but the body's sodium content stays the same
  • Hypervolemic hyponatremia -- both sodium and water content in the body increase, but the water gain is greater
  • Hypovolemic hyponatremia -- water and sodium are both lost from the body, but the sodium loss is greater
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in the United States.
Causes of hyponatremia include:

Symptoms

Common symptoms include:

Signs and tests

The health care provider will perform a complete physical examination to help determine the cause of your symptoms. Blood and urine tests will be done.
The following laboratory tests can confirm hyponatremia:

Treatment

The cause of hyponatremia must be diagnosed and treated. In some cases, cancer may cause the condition, and radiation, chemotherapy, or surgery to remove the tumor may correct the sodium imbalance.
Other treatments depend on the specific type of hyponatremia.
Treatments may include:
  • Fluids through a vein (IV)
  • Medication to relieve symptoms
  • Water restriction

Expectations (prognosis)

The outcome depends on the condition that is causing the problem. In general, acute hyponatremia, which occurs in less than 48 hours, is more dangerous than hyponatremia that develops slowly over time. When sodium levels fall slowly over a period of days or weeks (chronic hyponatremia), the brain cells have time to adjust and swelling is minimal.

Complications

Calling your health care provider

Hyponatremia can be a life-threatening emergency. Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of this condition.

Prevention

Treating the condition that is causing hyponatremia can help. If you play any sports, drink fluids that contain electrolytes (sports drinks). Drinking only water while you take part in high-energy athletic events can lead to acute hyponatremia.

Tuesday 20 September 2011

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Dengue fever (Breakbone fever)

Dengue fever

Dengue fever is a virus-based disease spread by mosquitoes.

Dengue fever is caused by one of four different but related viruses. It is spread by the bite of mosquitoes, most commonly the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Dengue fever is being seen more in world travelers.

Dengue fever should not be confused with Dengue hemorrhagic fever, which is a separate disease that is caused by the same type of virus but has much more severe symptoms.
Symptoms

Dengue fever begins with a sudden high fever, often as high as 104 - 105 degrees Fahrenheit.

A flat, red rash may appear over most of the body 2 - 5 days after the fever starts. A second rash, which looks like the measles, appears later in the disease. Infected people may have increased skin sensitivity and are very uncomfortable.

Other symptoms include:

Headache (especially behind the eyes)

Fatigue

Joint aches

Muscle aches

Nausea

Swollen lymph nodes

Vomiting

Signs and tests

Tests that may be done to diagnose this condition include:

Antibody titer for dengue virus types

Complete blood count (CBC)

Serology studies to look for antibodies to dengue viruses

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for dengue fever. You will need fluids if there are signs of dehydration. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is used to treat a high fever. Avoid taking aspirin.In  HOMEOPATHY ;it may be treated according to symptoms ; Often CROTALUS H 200,or EUPATORIUM PERF 200 ARE THE REMEDIES.
Expectations (prognosis)

The condition generally lasts a week or more. Although uncomfortable, dengue fever is not deadly. People with the condition should fully recover.
Complications

Febrile convulsions

Severe dehydration

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if you have traveled in an area where dengue fever is known to occur and have developed symptoms of the disease.
Prevention

Clothing, mosquito repellent, and netting can help reduce exposure to mosquitoes. Traveling during periods of minimal mosquito activity can also be helpful.

Mosquito abatement programs may reduce the risk of infection.

Monday 19 September 2011

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Saturday 17 September 2011

About Education, Development & Community Life of down syndrome children

About Education, Development & Community Life
  
 
Like all people, individuals with Down syndrome learn and develop at their own rate and in their own way. People with Down syndrome have varied goals for their futures and individual expectations of their roles in the family, school and community. Down syndrome is not a blueprint for potential or a prescription for a given educational or life plan.
However, people with Down syndrome often experience mild to moderate delays in their cognitive and physical development and research has shown that educational and therapeutic interventions (such as early intervention services) can greatly benefit learners with Down syndrome. Careful consideration, supports and early planning are often necessary to facilitate employment and community life.
  
This section includes information about education, development and community life across the lifespan.

Myths and Truths

Myths and Truths
  
Myth: Down syndrome is a rare genetic disorder.
Truth: Down syndrome is the most commonly occurring genetic condition. One in every 691 live births is a child with Down syndrome, representing approximately 6,000 births per year in the United States alone. Today, more than 400,000 people in the United States have Down syndrome.

Myth: People with Down syndrome have a short life span.
Truth: Life expectancy for individuals with Down syndrome has increased dramatically in recent years, with the average life expectancy approaching that of peers without Down syndrome.

Myth: Most children with Down syndrome are born to older parents.
Truth: Most children with Down syndrome are born to women younger than 35 years old simply because younger women have more children. However, the incidence of births of children with Down syndrome increases with the age of the mother.

Myth: People with Down syndrome are severely “retarded.”
Truth: Most people with Down syndrome have IQs that fall in the mild to moderate range of intellectual disability (formerly known as “retardation”). Children with Down syndrome fully participate in public and private educational programs. Educators and researchers are still discovering the full educational potential of people with Down syndrome.

Myth: Most people with Down syndrome are institutionalized.
Truth: Today people with Down syndrome live at home with their families and are active participants in the educational, vocational, social, and recreational activities of the community. They are integrated into the regular education system and take part in sports, camping, music, art programs and all the other activities of their communities. People with Down syndrome are valued members of their families and their communities, contributing to society in a variety of ways.

Myth: Parents will not find community support in bringing up their child with Down syndrome.
Truth: In almost every community of the United States there are parent support groups and other community organizations directly involved in providing services to families of individuals with Down syndrome.

Myth: Children with Down syndrome must be placed in segregated special education programs.
Truth: Children with Down syndrome have been included in regular academic classrooms in schools across the country. In some instances they are integrated into specific courses, while in other situations students are fully included in the regular classroom for all subjects. The current trend in education is for full inclusion in the social and educational life of the community. Increasingly, individuals with Down syndrome graduate from high school with regular diplomas, participate in post-secondary academic and college experiences and, in some cases, receive college degrees.

Myth: Adults with Down syndrome are unemployable.
Truth: Businesses are seeking young adults with Down syndrome for a variety of positions. They are being employed in small- and medium-sized offices: by banks, corporations, nursing homes, hotels and restaurants. They work in the music and entertainment industry, in clerical positions, childcare, the sports field and in the computer industry. People with Down syndrome bring to their jobs enthusiasm, reliability and dedication.

Myth: People with Down syndrome are always happy.
Truth: People with Down syndrome have feelings just like everyone else in the population. They experience the full range of emotions. They respond to positive expressions of friendship and they are hurt and upset by inconsiderate behavior.

Myth: Adults with Down syndrome are unable to form close interpersonal relationships leading to marriage.
Truth: People with Down syndrome date, socialize, form ongoing relationships and marry.

Myth: Down syndrome can never be cured.
Truth: Research on Down syndrome is making great strides in identifying the genes on chromosome 21 that cause the characteristics of Down syndrome. Scientists now feel strongly that it will be possible to improve, correct or prevent many of the problems associated with Down syndrome in the future.